A Jewish defector, Benjamin Freedman, warned America about the Pagan conspiracy to take over the world; the CIA-directed murder of Patrice Lumumba, the first elected Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo who sought independence from Belgium; President Eisenhower warns of the military-industrial complex; John F. Kennedy is inaugurated as President declaring, “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country!”; FBI Director, J. Edgar Hoover, gave this testimony on 6 March 1961 before the House Committee on Appropriations regarding the communist conspiracy: “They have infiltrated every conceivable sphere of activity: youth groups; radio, T.V. and motion picture industries; church, school, educational and cultural groups; the press; nationality minority groups and civil and political units.” Russia claims Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space; Student activists from the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) launched the Freedom Rides to challenge segregation on interstate buses and bus terminals; the failed Bay of Pigs invasion; JFK’s “Man on the Moon”speech; athiests gain right to hold government office; and the CIA proposed killing Americans or Cuban refugees to blame Castro and provoke an invasion.
As MAD Magazine pointed out on its cover for the March 1961 issue, this was the first “upside-up” year — i.e., one in which the numerals that form the year look the same as when the numerals are rotated upside down, a strobogrammatic number — since 1881. The next such year will be 6009.
1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969
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![Operation Mongoose: A CIA Proposal, Approved by the Pentagon, to Kill Innocent Americans or Cuban Refugees and Blame it on Castro to Provoke an Invasion](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/1961/11/op-mongoose-768x284-300x111.jpg)
Operation Mongoose: A CIA Proposal, Approved by the Pentagon, to Kill Innocent Americans or Cuban Refugees and Blame it on Castro to Provoke an Invasion
![President Kennedy Issues Document 7277 Entitled 'Freedom From War: The US Program for General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World'](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/1961/09/jfk-addresses-un-assembly-sept-1961-300x225.jpg)
President Kennedy Issues Document 7277 Entitled ‘Freedom From War: The US Program for General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World’
![President JFK's UN Address on Weather Modification](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/jfk-un-weather-modification-300x201.jpg)
President JFK’s UN Address on Weather Modification
![UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld Killed in Mysterious Plane Crash en route to Cease-fire Negotiations in Uranium-rich Congo](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ndola-300x180.png)
UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld Killed in Mysterious Plane Crash en route to Cease-fire Negotiations in Uranium-rich Congo
![The Plane Carrying the UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld was Shot Down over Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FireShot-Capture-008-Plane-of-UN-Chief-Dag-Hammarskjold-Shot-Down_-Cover-Up-of-Facts-Since_-isgp-studies.com_-300x188.png)
The Plane Carrying the UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld was Shot Down over Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)
![Senator Strom Thurmond: "The aim and purpose... is now world socialism, which communism seeks to achieve through revolution... socialism... through evolution."](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/1961/08/strom-thurmond-300x169.jpg)
Senator Strom Thurmond: “The aim and purpose… is now world socialism, which communism seeks to achieve through revolution… socialism… through evolution.”
![Congressman John Ashbrook of Ohio Delivered a Speech to the House Entitled “The Myth of Federal Aid to Education without Control.”](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/1961/07/john-ashbrook.jpg)
Congressman John Ashbrook of Ohio Delivered a Speech to the House Entitled “The Myth of Federal Aid to Education without Control.”
![Torcaso v. Watkins: The Supreme Court Ruled it Unconstitutional for a Person Seeking Public Office to Have to Declare Their Belief in the Existence of God](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/1961/06/scotus1-400x400-300x300.jpg)
Torcaso v. Watkins: The Supreme Court Ruled it Unconstitutional for a Person Seeking Public Office to Have to Declare Their Belief in the Existence of God
![President John F. Kennedy's Man on the Moon Speech](https://historyheist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/President-Kennedys-Man-on-the-Moon-Speech-1961-Today-in-History-25-May-16-300x225.jpg)