Franz Kafka, a Zionist Jew living in Germany (1883-1924) inspired the term “Kafkaesque” which is used to describe concepts and situations reminiscent of his writings, particularly Der Process (The Trial) and “Die Verwandlung” (The Metamorphosis). Examples include instances in which bureaucracies overpower people, often in a surreal, nightmarish milieu which evokes feelings of senselessness, disorientation, and helplessness. Characters in a Kafkaesque setting often lack a clear course of action to escape a labyrinthine situation. Kafkaesque elements often appear in existential works, but the term has transcended the literary realm to apply to real-life occurrences and situations that are incomprehensibly complex, bizarre, or illogical.
However, with common usage, the term has become so ubiquitous that Kafka scholars note it’s often misused. More accurately then, according to author Ben Marcus, paraphrased in “What it Means to be Kafkaesque” by Joe Fassler in The Atlantic, “Kafka’s quintessential qualities are affecting use of language, a setting that straddles fantasy and reality, and a sense of striving even in the face of bleakness—hopelessly and full of hope.“
