Dynasties listed below were included in America’s 60 Families, Ferdinand Lundberg’s 1937 expose on the super-rich. Ferdinand Lundberg used tax records to uncover the often impenetrable financial and political machinations of the 60 Families, effectively publishing a directory of names and occupations of family scions as well as estimates of their fortunes.
“The United States is owned and dominated today by a hierarchy of its sixty richest families, buttressed by no more than ninety families of lesser wealth… These families are the living center of the modern industrial oligarchy which dominates the United States, functioning discreetly under a de jure democratic form of government behind which a de facto government, absolutist and plutocratic in its lineaments, has gradually taken form since the Civil War. This de facto government is actually the government of the United States — informal, invisible, shadowy. It is the government of money in a dollar democracy.”
Families are listed in ranked order (according to 1924 tax records) with their primary sources of wealth.
1 | Rockefeller Family | Standard Oil |
2 | Morgan Family | J. P. Morgan & Co. |
3 | Ford Family | Ford Motors |
4 | Harkness Family | Standard Oil |
5 | Mellon Family | Aluminum Company |
6 | Vanderbilt Family | NY Central R&R |
7 | Whitney Family | Standard Oil |
8 | Standard Oil Families | Standard Oil |
9 | Du Pont Family | DuPont |
10 | McCormick Family | International Harvester, Chicago Times |
11 | Baker Family | First National Bank |
12 | Fisher Family | General Motors |
13 | Guggenheim Family | American Smelting & Refining Co. |
14 | Field Family | Marshall Field’s |
15 | Curtis-Boks Family | Curtis Publishing Co. |
16 | Duke Family | American Tobacco Company |
17 | Berwind Family | Berwind-White Coal Co. |
18 | Lehman Family | Lehman Brothers |
19 | Widener Family | American Tobacco Company, public utilities |
20 | Reynolds Family | R. J. Reynolds |
21 | Astor Family | Real estate |
22 | Winthrop Family | Miscellaneous |
23 | Stillman Family | Citibank |
24 | Timken Family | Timken |
25 | Pitcairn Family | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. (now PPG Industries) |
26 | Warburg Family | Kuhn, Loeb & Co. |
27 | Metcalf Family | Rhode Island textile mills |
28 | Clark Family | Singer Sewing Machine Co. |
29 | Phipps Family | Carnegie Steel |
30 | Kahn Family | Kuhn, Loeb & Co. |
31 | Green Family | Stocks and real estate |
32 | Patterson Family | Chicago Tribune |
33 | Taft Family | Real estate |
34 | Deering Family | International Harvester |
35 | De Forest Family | Corporate law practice |
36 | Gould Family | Railroads |
37 | Hills Family | Railroads |
38 | Drexel Family | J. P. Morgan & Co. |
39 | Ryan Family | Stock market |
40 | Foster Family | Auto parts |
41 | Johnson Family | Victor Phonograph |
42 | James Family | Copper and railroads |
43 | Nash Family | Automobiles |
44 | Schiff Family | Kuhn, Loeb & Co. |
45 | Patten Family | Wheat market |
46 | Hayden Family | Stock market |
47 | Weber Family | Allied Chemical & Dye Corp. |
48 | Blumenthal Family | Lazard |
49 | Mills Family | Mining |
50 | Friedsam Family | Merchandising |
51 | McLean Family | Mining |
52 | Higgins Family | New York real estate |
53 | Cochran Family | Textiles |
54 | Kirkwood Family | |
55 | Tyson Family | |
56 | Huntington Family | Railroads |
57 | Storrow Family | Lee Higginson & Co. |
58 | Rosenwald Family | Sears Roebuck |
59 | Baruch Family | Stock market |
60 | Kresge Family | Merchandising |
EXCERPTS:
On the Foundations:
”E.C. Lindeman, the outstanding authority on the internal functioning of foundations, states in his monumental WEALTH AND CULTURE, published in 1936, that his `first surprise was to discover that those who managed foundations and trusts did not wish to have these instruments investigated. Had it occurred to me then,’ he continued, `that it would require eight years of persistent inquiry at a wholly disproportionate cost to disclose even the basic quantitative facts desired, I am sure that the study would have been promptly abandoned.”
On Thomas W. Lamont, mentor to Presidents Wilson and Hoover (page 33):
“An extraordinarily complex and resourceful personality like Thomas W. Lamont, who has been the brains of J.P. Morgan and Company throughout the postwar period and was a mentor of Woodrow Wilson in Wilson’s second administration as well as of President Herbert Hoover throughout his fateful single term in the White House, has exercised more power for twenty years in the western hemisphere, has put into effect more final decisions from which there has been no appeal, than any other person. Lamont has been the First Consul de facto in the invisible directory of postwar high finance and politics, consulted by presidents, prime ministers, governors of central banks, the directing intelligence behind the Dawes and Young Plans. Lamont is Protean; he is a diplomat, an editor, a writer, a publisher, a politician, a statesman an international presence an international presence as well as a financier.”
He explained that Lamont told businessmen in 1915 that America had to promise to enter the Great War so we could bankrupt our allies.
On JP Morgan:
“The Morgan firm and its affiliated commercial banks act, broadly, on behalf of such tremendous accumulations as those of the Vanderbilts, Goulds, Drexels, Wideners, Berwinds, Phippses, Hills, Dukes, Ryans, McCormicks, Bakers, DuPonts, Fishers, Jameses, and Others.’ (p.36)
Lundberg noted the association of Morton Trust Company with the J.P. Morgan interests and said Levi Morton was “long entangled in many shady deals;” and commented on page 66 that Theodore Roosevelt was “a virtuoso at deception” and had the backing of Levi P. Morton, Elihu Root (Pilgrims Society, helped steel magnate, Crown loyalist member Andrew Carnegie organize his dangerous foundations) and Chauncey Depew, Vanderbilt family attorney who helped found The Pilgrims Society. Levi P. Morton, dishonest financial operator, member of the anti-silver Pilgrims Society—
Citing other sources, he stated “H. CLAY PIERCE PUT UP THE MONEY BEHIND (FRANCISCO) MADERO AND STARTED THE REVOLUTION” (the Mexican revolution of 1910)
Lundberg notes on page 225 Avery Rockefeller Senior’s involvement in causing investors $150 million in losses in Anaconda stockas they see-sawed the stock between $40 and $128 in 1928-29, and on page 238, additional losses of $200 million in manipulations of the International Match Corporation.
On the 1912 Presidential Election:
“Throughout the three-cornered fight [Taft-Roosevelt-Wilson] Roosevelt had [Morgan agents Frank] Munsey and [George] Perkins constantly at his heels, supplying money, going over his speeches, bringing people from Wall Street in to help.”
Lundberg noted that “Perkins and J.P. Morgan and Company were the substance of the Progressive Party.” J. Pierpont Morgan was perhaps the most powerful banker in America at the time. New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson, on the other hand, was also supported by banking interests, specifically Morgan. With the Republican Party split between Taft and Roosevelt, Wilson won the presidential election.
Wilson proceeded to support the passage of the work of the men who clandestinely met at Jekyll Island two years earlier, and won passage of the Federal Reserve bill in late 1913. Today, most Americans little question the Fed, and assume that the country has to have such a system of printing of a fiat currency.
On FDR’s New Deal:
“The New Deal was neither revolutionary nor radical … [it] was a concession in the face of widespread unrest.”